Annual or perennial stoloniferous bottom grass. Regrowth produces culms with seed heads. Typically found on moist or wet marshy ground, such as meadows and pastureland that are intermittently flooded. Trampling by grazing livestock encourages its spread. Marsh foxtail forms dense swards in damp places. Although the fodder grass is eaten by cattle and horses, yields are usually low. Sheep tend to avoid the lower parts of the plant due to the putrid smell resulting from its growing conditions. With a score of 3, the feed value is poor. There is often a risk of liver fluke in areas where marsh foxtail grows.
Botanical features
LeafLeaf rolled in the bud, leaf sheath open and glabrous. Leaf blade open and quite short. Colour bluish green, upper side strongly ribbed and folded. Ligule long and white, extending to a tip in the centre. Auricles absent.
CulmPronounced geniculate growth, approx. 20–40 cm tall. The culms are prostrate until the first node. Roots may develop from this node.
InflorescenceFalse spikes and spikelets similar to meadow foxtail but considerably smaller. The spikelets are single-flowered, ovate and awned. Glumes closed only at the base. Lemma with awn arising from the back.
FruitThe 3 mm long grain is enclosed by the two glumes. These diverge at the top and are hairy. The membranous lemma encloses the caryopsis. Palea absent. TSW: 0.5–0.7 g.